三年级的孩子刚开始接触英语。教师首先要吸引孩子的注意力，尽力引导他们养成良好的英语学习习惯，即每天听读十分钟的英语，按时按要求完成作业，字母单词及时记忆;培养他们对英语学习的兴趣，营造一种适当的氛围，贴近孩子们的生活，让他们在体验中学习，进行适当的游戏，让孩子们在玩中学，学中玩，及时表扬有进步的学生，并鼓励其他孩子向他们学习。另外教师要言出必行，布置的作业一定要检查，要让孩子感到一定的压力，不要让他们有英语课是耍耍课的思想，争取做到学差生每天过关。与此同时，还应积极地与家长取得联系，让家长清楚教师对每一位孩子的要求，请求家长的理解、支持、配合，督促孩子，学校与家庭联系起来，共同为孩子的.未来出谋划策。

二、教学目标及要求

这一学期的学习，主要是激发他们学习英语的兴趣，培养孩子们学习英语的良好习惯，让他们通过大量的、积极的语言实践，形成初步的英语语感，打好语音、语调基础，巩固练习26个字母的基础上，能正确地抄写、记忆简单的单词，认读单词、课文，背诵单词，进行简单的英语交流，每天回家听读至少10分钟的英语，并请家长签字。

三、教材分析

新标准一书一“题材——功能——结构——任务”为编写原则，努力营造语境，学练结合，符合语言教学规律，具有新颖性和可操作性。教材以学生为中心，按学生身心发展规律与兴趣特点设计大量语言活动，以激发学生的学习兴趣，既体现素质教育的要求又遵循语言教学的理论，具有科学性。

四、教学重难点

这学期的教学重点是巩固26个英语字母，做到人人过关，能记住并正确拼写简单的英语单词，准确地认读单词及课文，表演歌曲、歌谣和课文。能够用学过的英语知识进行简单的对话。以上既是教学重点也是难点。

五、发展生分析及转化

首先要弄清原因：

1、英语学习受不稳定的情绪支配，学习热情冷热无常，久而久之，就形成了英语学习中的“发展生”。

2、“发展生”在小学启蒙阶段没有得到良好的教育，基础不扎实，思维不活跃，接受能力差，从而影响了其以后的英语学习。

3、发展生大多缺乏良好的学习习惯和科学的学习方法，学习不主动，课堂上不能全身心的投入。

4、没有良好的家庭环境，缺乏家长的正确引导也是形成“发展生”的一个重要的原因。

其次措施要得当：

1、保护“发展生”的自尊心是转化他们的前提。

2、教给他们正确的学习方法。

3、课堂上多关注他们。

4、课后多督促复习。

5、发动周围可以发动的力量来帮助他们。

六、教学进度安排：

1、第一周 u1 1课时

2、第二周 u1 3课时

3、第三周 u1 3课时

4、第四周 u1 3课时

5、第五周 u2 3课时

6、第六周 u2 3课时

7、第七周 u2 3课时

8、第八周 u2 3课时

9、第九周 u3 3课时

10、第十周 u3 1课时

11、第十一周 u3 3课时

12、第十二周 u3 2课时

13、第十三周 u4 3课时

14、第十四周 u4 3课时

15、第十五周 u4 3课时

16、第十六周 u4 2课时

17、第十七周总复习 3课时

18、第十八周总复习 3课时

大学英语三教案篇2

一、学生情况分析

四年级学生已有了一年的英语基础，一些常用单词都已经会说，但学生的基础不一，出现了两极分化的现象。本学期要使用各种方法，关注英语基础不好的学生，减少差异，让所有的学生都有所收获。所以本学期我注重面向全体学生，以学生的发展为宗旨，始终把激发学生的学习兴趣放在首位，引导学生端正学习态度，掌握良好的学习方法，培养学生良好的学习习惯。

二、教学目的任务：

本册英语中，我们继续学习介绍朋友们，学习如何表述正在进行的动作，如何表达自己生活中遇到的问题，如何与他人进行讨论。

1.能听读辨认语音，培养学生听说能力。

2.能按四会要求掌握所学的词汇，句型，掌握语言材料。

3.能按要求会读，会说，听懂，会写日常交际用语，提高学生语言运用能力。4.能进一步感知理解语法，掌握初步的语法知识。

三、教材分析

本册教材分11个模块，内含一个复习模块，每个模块分为两个单元。第一单元呈现本模块所要学习的语言内容，第二单元提供若干任务型练习。在本书中，将进一步学习如何表达正在发生的事情和将要做的事情，如何询问和说明能力，如何获得允许，如何谈论体育比赛和旅游等活动，如何表达数字13—20以及12个月份。

四、教材重点、难点

1、能掌握所学单词。

2、能掌握所学句型。

3、能使用日常交际用语，活用句型，进行简单的交流，做到大胆开口，发音正确。

4、能在图片、手势、情境等非语言提示的帮助下，听懂清晰的话语和录音。

5、初步培养良好的书写习惯，能做到书写整洁、规范。

五、教学突破点和创新点：

本学期的教学内容包含了一些新的语言现象，如描述正在进行的动作，;比较两个事物等。关于描述正在进行的动作和状态，要分阶段反复进行，要坚持大容量，长时间的输入。本学期要让学生掌握必要的语言知识，形成必需的应用语言的能力。

六、主要的教学措施

1、备好课是上好课的`关键。每一节课都要紧密联系学生学习的实际情况，认真备课，写出具有实际意义的教案，教学反思与教学随笔。

2、根据每一个单元不同的特点，确定不同的教法与教学手段，为学生提供空间表演，练习说所学的内容，让所学真正所用，达到学以致用的目的。

3、充分利用现代化各种教学手段，将多媒体、动画等学生喜欢的东西搬入课堂，丰富课堂，使课堂活起来，让每一个学生都能够参与到各项活动中来，锻炼学生的表演、会话、合作等能力。

4、创设英语环境，建设有特色的英语校园文化，使学生所见、所闻处处皆英语，并鼓励学生在日常生活中发现英语、创造性地收信身边的英语学习资料，开阔眼界，增长知识。

七、预期目标：

1、提升学生学习英语的兴趣，养成良好的朗读书写习惯。

2、发音准确、朗读流利，准确掌握书中的重点内容。

大学英语三教案篇3

steve shladover outlines the benefits to be gained from vehicles that could drive themselves and discusses how this could be achieved.

斯蒂夫·施多弗阐述了能自动运行的车辆的诸多裨益，并详细论述了如何将其变为现实。

intelligent vehicles

智能车辆

steve shladover

斯蒂夫·施多弗

even when cars were still young, futurists began thinking about vehicles that could drive themselves, without human help. perhaps the best known of these conjectures was the general motors futurama, the hit of the new york world's fair. now, at the start of the new century, it's worth taking a fresh look at this concept and asking how automation might change transportation and the quality of our lives.

还在汽车问世之初，未来学家就开始设想无需人来操纵便能自动运行的车辆将是什么样儿的。这类设想最出名的或许是年纽约世界博览会上轰动一时的由通用汽车公司推出的“未来城市风光”。今天，在世纪之初，以新的目光去审视这样的设想，去探讨自动化将如何改变交通以及我们的生活质量，是颇具价值的。

consider some of the implications of cars that could drive themselves.

且来看一看能自动运行的汽车意味着什么。

we might eliminate the more than ninety percent of traffic crashes that are caused by human errors such as misjudgments and inattention.

我们或许能消除%以上由于判断失误以及疏忽等人为因素造成的交通事故。

we might reduce antisocial driving behavior such as road rage, thereby significantly reducing the stress of driving.

我们或许能减少野蛮开车这类有害公众利益的开车行为，从而大大减轻行车压力。

the entire population, including the young, the old, and the infirm, might enjoy a higher level of mobility without requiring advanced driving skills.

社会全体成员，包括老老少少与体弱者，也许都不需习得娴熟的驾车技巧就能较为自由地奔驰了。

the luxury of being chauffeured to your destination might be enjoyed by all, not just the wealthiest individuals.

被开车接送也许会成为世人共同的享受，而不仅仅是最富裕阶层的一种奢侈。

fuel consumption and pollution might be reduced by smoothing traffic flow and running vehicles close enough to each other to benefit from aerodynamic drafting.

车流通畅，相互紧随行驶的车辆能利用前车产生的较小的空气阻力，这些都可能减少油耗和污染。

traffic-management decisions might be based on firm knowledge of vehicle responses to instructions, rather than on guesses about the choices that drivers might make.

交通管理将会建立在充分了解车辆对指令的应变能力的基础上，而非基于对车辆驾驶者可能采取的行动的粗略估测。

the capacity of a freeway lane might be doubled or tripled, making it possible to accommodate growing demands for travel without major new construction, or, equivalently, today's level of congestion might be reduced, enabling travelers to save time.

高速公路的车容量会增加一倍或二倍，使其不必大兴土木就能适应不断增长的行车需求;或者，同样重要地，目前交通拥堵的程度能得到缓解，以使行车者节省时间。

is it feasible?

是否可行?

this is now a realistic prospect. with advances in technology we can readily visualize your trip on an automated highway system.

目前这已成为一个可以实现的希望。随着技术的进步，我们不难设想自动化公路系统上的行车过程。

imagine leaving work at the end of the day and needing to drive only as far as the nearest on-ramp to the local automated highway. at the on-ramp, you press a button on your dashboard to select the off-ramp closest to your home and then relax as your car's electronic systems, in cooperation with roadside electronics and similar systems on other cars, guide your car smoothly, safely, and effortlessly toward your destination. en route you save time by maintaining full speed even at rush-hour traffic volumes. at the end of the off-ramp you resume normal control and drive the remaining distance to your home, better rested and less stressed than if you had driven the entire way.

且来设想，工作一天下班后，只需开车至最近的一个自动公路入口匝道。到了入口匝道，在仪表板上按一下按钮选择离家最近的出口匝道，随后就休息放松，由车上的电子系统与路旁的电子装置以及其他车辆上类似的系统合作，把车平稳、安全、顺畅地开往目的地。即使是在车流量的高峰时段，也能一路全速行驶，从而节省时间。下了出口匝道，再照平常那样驾驶，开过余下的路程回家，那要比自己全程驾驶省力轻松许多。

although many different technical developments are necessary to turn this image into reality, none requires exotic technologies, and all can be based on systems and components that are already being actively developed in the international motor vehicle industry. these could be viewed as replacements for the diverse functions that drivers perform every day: observing the road, observing the preceding vehicles, steering, accelerating, braking, and deciding when and where to change course.

要把这一景象变成现实固然需要各种不同的技术发展，但也无需什么匪夷所思的技术，所有的技术都能以国际车辆制造业正在积极开发研制的各种系统和部件作为基础。这些技术可以被看作是车辆驾驶者日常开车所起各种作用的替代：观察路况，留意前行车辆，掌握方向，加速，刹车，变道。

observing the road

观察路况

researchers have developed a road-reference and sensing system that makes it possible to determine accurately a vehicle's position and orientation relative to the lane's center. cheap permanent magnets are buried at four-foot intervals along the lane centerline and detected by magnetometers mounted under the vehicle's bumpers. . these meters provide the information used by the vehicle's control computer to determine its exact position of the vehicle.

研究人员开发了一种路况参考及传感系统，这些能准确判断车辆的方位及所在车道中心的相应定位。价格低廉的永磁体以英尺的间隔埋设在车道中心线上，车辆保险杆下安装着的磁强计能够测知。这些磁强计向车上的计算机控制台提供信息，以断定车辆的确切方位。

other researchers have used computer vision systems to observe the road. () these are vulnerable to weather problems and provide less accurate measurements, but they do not require special roadway installations, other than well-maintained lane markings.

其他研究人员利用计算机图像系统观察路况。这类系统易受气候变化的影响，提供的数据不够精确，但它们不需要特别的道路设置，只需要将路面标志维护好就行了。

observing preceding vehicles

留意前行车辆

the distances and closing rates to preceding vehicles can be measured by a radar or a laser rangefinder. both technologies have already been implemented in commercially available systems in japan and europe. the laser systems are currently less expensive, but the radar systems are more effective at detecting dirty vehicles and operating in adverse weather conditions. as production volumes increase and unit costs decrease, the radars are likely to find increasing favor.

与前行车辆的车距及接近时的速度可用雷达或激光测距仪测定。这两项技术已经在日本和欧洲投入商业运用。目前激光系统比较便宜，但雷达系统能更加有效地测知野蛮行驶的车辆，能更加安全地在天气恶劣时操作。随着产量的提高，成本的降低，雷达系统将会越来越受欢迎。

steering, accelerating and braking

掌握方向、加速和刹车

the equivalents of these driver muscle functions are electromechanical devices installed in the automated vehicle. they receive electronic commands from the onboard control computer and then apply the appropriate steering angle, throttle angle, and brake pressure by means of small electric motors. early versions of these devices are already being introduced into production of vehicles, where they receive their commands directly from the driver's inputs to the steering wheel and pedals. these decisions are being made for reasons largely unrelated to automation. rather they are associated with reduced energy consumption, simplification of vehicle design, enhanced ease of vehicle assembly, improved ability to adjust performance to match driver preferences, and cost savings compared to traditional direct mechanical control devices.

相当于车辆驾驶者肌功能的是安置在自动车辆上的电动机械装置。它们接收车上计算机控制台发出的电子指令，再凭借小型电力发动机恰当地控制方向、油门大小以及刹车紧急程度。车辆生产已经采用这类装置的最初样本，它们通过驾驶者给方向盘和踏板的输入信息直接获得指令。决定开发这类产品大都与自动化无关。与之有关的因素有降低能耗、简化车辆设计、进一步提高车辆装配效率、改善根据车辆驾驶者的喜好调节性能的能力，以及低于传统的机械直控装置的成本等。

deciding when and where to change course

决定何时何处变道

computers in the vehicles and those at the roadside have different functions. roadside computers are better suited for traffic management, setting the target speed for each segment and lane of roadway, and allocating vehicles to different lanes of a multilane automated facility. the aim is to maintain balanced flow among the lanes and to avoid obstacles or incidents that might block a lane. the vehicle's onboard computers are better suited to handling decisions about exactly when and where to change lanes to avoid interference with other vehicles.

车用计算机与路边装置的计算机功能不同。路边设置的计算机更适用于交通管理，如为不同路段和车道设定限速，通过多车道自动化设施为车辆安排不同的车道。其目的是使各车道的车流量保持平衡，避免可能堵塞车道的障碍或事故。车用计算机更适用于精确地判断在什么时间和位置改变车道，以避免与其他车辆碰撞。

remaining challenges

尚存的挑战

there remain a number of difficulties to be overcome. these are mainly technical, but there are in addition a number of nontechnical challenges that need to be addressed. these involve issues of liability, costs, and perceptions.

尚有许多困难有待克服。主要是技术性难题，但此外也有不少非技术性的挑战需要面对，其中包括行车责任、成本以及观念等问题。

automated control of vehicles shifts liability for most crashes from the individual driver (and his or her insurance company) to the designer, developer, and vendor of the vehicle and roadway control systems. provided the system is indeed safer than today's driver-vehicle-highway system, overall liability exposure should be reduced. but its costs will be shifted from automobile insurance premiums to the purchase or lease price of the automated vehicle and toll for use of the automated highway facility.

车辆的自动控制把大多数事故的责任从车辆驾驶者个人(及其保险公司)转移到设计者、研制者以及车辆和道路控制系统的经销商身上。如果这一系统的确比当今的车辆驾驶者—车辆—公路系统安全，总体责任风险就会减少。但其成本会从汽车保险金转移到自动车辆的售价或租金，以及自动公路设施的使用费上来。

all new technologies tend to be costly when they first become available in small quantities, then their costs decline as production volumes increase and the technologies mature. we should expect vehicle automation technologies to follow the same pattern. they may initially be economically viable only for heavy vehicles (transit buses, commercial trucks) and high-end passenger cars. however, it should not take long for the costs to become affordable to a wide range of vehicle owners and operators, especially with many of the enabling technologies already being commercialized for volume production today.

任何新技术在最初小批量供应时都相对昂贵，以后随着产量的增长与技术的完善，成本就会降低。我们相信车辆自动控制技术也将遵循这一模式。从经济角度考虑，这类技术在最初阶段或许只能应用于重型车辆(如公交车、货运卡车)和高级客车。然而，不用多久，其成本就能为广大车辆拥有者和驾驶者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以应用的技术已经走向市场，开始了批量生产。

the largest impediment to introduction of electronic chauffeuring may turn out to be the general perception that it's more difficult and expensive to implement than it really is. if political and industrial decision makers perceive automated driving to be too futuristic, they will not pay it the attention it deserves and will not invest their resources toward accelerating its deployment. the perception could thus become a self-fulfilling prophecy.

电子驾驶应用的障碍可能在于一种普遍的观念，认为这一技术的应用比实际情况更困难，更昂贵。如果政治决策者和企业决策者认为自动驾驶过于超前，他们就不会予以应有的关注，就不会投入资源，促使其早日为人们利用。这样的话，这一观念就可能成为一种终将实现的预言。

it is important to recognize that automated vehicles are already carrying millions of passengers every day. most major airports have automated people movers that transfer passengers among terminal buildings. urban transit lines in paris, london, vancouver, lyon, and lille, among others, are operating with completely automated, driverless vehicles; some have been doing so for more than a decade. modern commercial aircraft operate on autopilot for much of the time, and they also land under automatic control at suitably equipped airports on a regular basis.

重要的是，要看到，每天已有千百万人乘坐自动化车辆。大多数颇具规模的机场都有自动控制的客车把乘客从一个航站楼转到另一个航站楼。不少城市公交线路，如巴黎、伦敦、温哥华、里昂和里尔等，都是由全自动控制的无人驾驶车辆运行的，有些已运行了十多年。现代商用飞机大多时间是由自动驾驶仪操纵的，在装备完善的机场，这些飞机一向在自动控制指挥下着陆。

given all of this experience in implementing safe automated transportation systems, it is not such a large leap to develop road vehicles that can operate under automatic control. that should be a realistic goal for the next decade. the transportation system will thus gain substantial benefits from the revolution in information technology.

考虑到所有这些安全运用自动化交通运输系统的经验，开发由自动控制操纵的公路车辆算不上什么大的飞跃。这应该是未来十年中的一个现实目标，交通运输系统也就会大大得益于信息技术革命。

大学英语三教案篇4

教学目标：

1.使同学熟练掌握本课表示地点的介词词组和重点词汇。

2.使同学掌握本课阅读材料的内容，并能模仿课文表演游戏。

教具：picture, recorder and coin

教学过程：

step 1revision

(1) dictation

(2) 学生表演问路对话。情景：老奶奶第一次进城找不到儿子的家。她该怎么办?学生可以准备一根拐杖和一条毛巾办成老奶奶的样子。学生参照第22课的问路修改：

granny故做四周环视状。

the boy: hello, granny. can i give you some help?

granny: i want to go to the bus stop. i want to go to see my son. but i don’t know the way.

the boy: don’t worry! granny. i can help you. i know the city well. where is the address?

granny: i lost it. i just remember there is a post office behind the apartment.

the boy: oh. the post office is not near from here. you can catch the number3 bus. go along this road, turn right at the second corner and then you will see the bus stop. the bus will take you to the post office. the apartment is behind it.

granny: it is very kind of you.

the boy: it is my pleasure. bye bye.

step 2 leading-in

1. ask students to raise their hands.

those sit in the front/middle/back rows.

those sit on the left/in the middle/on the right.

2. ask 3 students to express their positions in class/with the teacher’s help, if necessary.

eg. i sit in the front row, on the left, between __ and __×.

3.guess game: who’s my best friend?

a student talks about the position of his/her best friend and asks others to guess the friend’s name.

step 3 presentation

part 1 ask and answer

(1) 教师通过图片向学生介绍相关介词短语的用法。并进行操练。

(2) read out the dialogue.

(3) 创设情景：教师可以提前在教室里准备一些表示地点的卡片。如动物园，天安门，北海等，标上英文名字。放在教室的不同方向，组织学生练习如：

where is the beijing zoo?

it is in the front row. is the bei hai park on the left of the zoo? yes, it is.

part 2 reading: who has the coin?

1.默读课文判断正误

the teacher gives everyone of the students a coin.

the students like the game very much.

2. call 6 students to the front of the class and give them instructions as the text says, and give the other students instructions.

3. ask the students who are sitting to guess where the coin is, using questions, like:

is it in your right/left hand?

4. (books open) ask students to go over the text silently and prepare to answer the comprehension questions.

5. the teacher asks sb to answer comprehension questions in the book.

阅读全文。并找出生词和不懂的地方。教师向学生讲解重点词汇和句字。

step 4 practice

教师组织学生分组在班上进行这个游戏，看那一组表演的完全按照是书上的介绍。对表现出色的组进行表扬。

step5 summary.

学生自己总结本课的重点词语。

exercises in class

fill in the blanks according to the passage.

one day, in the english class. miss dong asked 6 students to stand ____ the front of the class and put their hands ____ their backs. the students pass the coin given by the teacher ____ one ____ another. the other students keep their eyes ____ and guess who ____ the coin.

key: in, behind, from, to, closed, has.

choose the right answer.

( )l. tom, just do it ______ your teacher tells you.

a. like b. as c. because d. when

( )2. where ______ your best friend sit?

a. is b. do c. are d. does

( )3. let’s play a game. first you must keep your eyes______, then _____ them.

a. close, open b. closed, opened c. close, opened d. closed, open

( )4. where ______ the boy _____now?

a. is…stand b. is … standing c. does…stand d. does … standing

( )5. the coin goes from one to ______.

a. the other b. other c. others d. another

( )6. could you pass the orange ______ me?

a. to b. at c. in d. from

( )7. you mustn’t ______ your books now.

a. looks at b. look at c. see d. look

( )8. can you guess who ______ the coin?

a. does have b. does has c. is have d. has

( )9. betty tells katy ______ the ball.

a. catch b .catches c. catching d .to catch

( )10. who sits next to ______?

a. us b. we c. our d. ours

answers: l. b 2. d 3. d 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. b 8. d 9. d 10.a

homework

1.copy the words and the phrase.

2.让学生编写一个关于问路短剧

the design of the blackboard

lesson 23

where do you sit?

who has the coin?

学设计示例

lesson 24教学设计方案

teaching objectives:

develop the four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing, and revise the whole unit.

properties: tape recorder overhead projector.

language focus:

teaching procedures:

i. organizing the class

greetings and a presentation.

ii. listening

1. ex. 1. 2. read after the tape and make rules of pronunciation, stress and intonation.

2. ex. 3. listening practice.

(1) listen for the first time and catch the main idea.

(2) listen for the second time and finish the exercise of putting in the missing words.

(3) check the answer.

Ⅲ. speaking

1. map puzzles: read the maps on page iv and answer the questions in the book.

2. pairwork: solve puzzles in the text in pairs.

3. act out.

iv. reading

1. (with books closed) listen and repeat.

2. read after the tape.

v. writing

1. read the passage in ex. 6.

2. make the possible dialogue.

3. focus: find it +adj. +to do. eg. vivi finds it exciting to be a model.

Ⅵ. go over the checkpoint of unit 6

Ⅶ. exercises in class

translation.

1. 你最好卧床休息三天。

2. 请保持食品清洁。

3. 我们最好别告诉他这件事。

4. 不要向你妈妈要太多的零花钱。

key:

1. you’d better stay in bed for 3 days.

2. please keep the food clean.

3. we’d better not tell him about it.

4. don’t ask your mother for too much pocket money.

complete the dialogue according to the map.

h: blue sky hotel b: bank c: supermarket

假设你在a处，一位外国朋友问你到蓝天宾馆如何走，请你根据地图所示，完成下列对话。

f: excuse me, could you tell me ______?

c: sure ______. take ______. ______. they you’ll see the hotel. it’s ______.

f: oh, it’s very ______. which bus ______?

c: no. 9 bus. the bus stop is over there.

f: thank you very much.

c: ______. bye-bye.

answers: the way to the blue sky hotel; go along huanghai street; the second turning on the right; then go along east road and take the second turning on the left; between the bank and the supermarket; far; shall i take; thats all right/you’re welcome.

Ⅷ. homework

1. make a dialogue between mr. yang and a policeman.

2. revise the whole unit.

Ⅸ. the design of the blackboard

大学英语三教案篇5

活动目标

让幼儿在游戏的氛围中感受学习英语的乐趣。

使幼儿能听懂指示语并按要求作出相应的动作。

让幼儿能够掌握pencil、book、crayon三个单词以及复习boy和girl。

活动准备

pencil、book、crayon的实物各一、录音机及磁带

活动流程